Rubella, otherwise called German measles, is an intense viral disease that for the most part influences youngsters and youthful grown-ups. It is an infectious condition that can be transmitted between people by means of airborne beads when contaminated individuals hack or wheeze

It is normally gentle in youngsters yet can have extreme outcomes in some populace gatherings, for example, pregnant ladies. It can possibly make fetal passing or inborn inconsistencies the minor. On a worldwide premise, more than 100,000 infants are conceived with inborn rubella disorder every year.

History of the disease:

Friedrich Hoffmann, a German physician, first described a case of rubella in 1740. George de Maton proposed that it was distinct from other diseases such as measles and scarlet fever in 1814. Also, each of the initially recorded cases occurred in Germany, the disease became known as' German measles. The name rubella comes from the Latin word which means "little red," which was first used in 1866

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In all 20th century, medical researchers discovered that rubella was caused by a virus and could be successful in the circuit via airborne droplets. Research on congenital rubella syndrome has begun to follow considerable numbers of cases presenting an epidemic infection in Australia in 1940.

In 1962, the virus was isolated in a tissue culture, allowing initial research for a vaccine to begin. An attenuated live virus vaccine was qualified in 1969 and shortly thereafter introduced in combinations with other vaccines.

Symptoms:

The manifestations of rubella are generally gentle and numerous patients may not know about the contamination. The spread of infections in the fuselage amid a week and the indications can introduce 2 or 3 weeks after contamination. Side effects may include:

• Nausea

• Moderate Conjunctivitis

• Inflated lymph gland

• rash

• Low fever

The rash affects most patients and initially appears on the face and neck area and progresses down the fuselage, lasting for up to three days.

Adults with infection tend to have more severe symptoms than children and may also develop painful joints that last for 3-10 days.

Congenital rubella syndrome:

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with rubella, there is a high risk (approximately 90%) that the viral infection will be transmitted to the fetus. This can lead to miscarriage, fetal death or congenital anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome.

Children with Syndrome may suffer from an effects area including:

• Alteration of auditory perception

• Autism

• Type I Diabetes

• Thyroid dysfunction

• Eye Defects

• Heart failure

Because of these effects, most children will need current care on a continual basis and some may require operations.

Before vaccinations for rubella, 4 babies in every 1,000 births had congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of the syndrome, as it is considered rare in developed countries. Developing countries with weaker immunization programs have the highest rates.

Vaccination:

Immunization against rubella uses an attenuated voltage under voltage that provides more than 95% lasting immunity with a single dose, assimilated to the natural protection seized when a person is infected with the virus in childhood.

A few people may see a gentle response to immunization, for example, nearby disturbance at the infusion site, low fever, rash, and muscle hurts. Vaccination has been utilized to ensure a great many individuals against the illness and no genuine unfavorable impact has been recorded.

Inoculation is accessible as a monovalent definition, however, is normally overseen in mix with different antibodies for measles, mumps, and chickenpox.

Sorrow is a sickness that is described by an extraordinary bitterness, a sentiment give up (discouraged inclination), lost inspiration and basic leadership, an abatement in the sentiment delight, dietary problems and rest, dismal considerations and the impression of not having an incentive as a person.

In the medical community, the term major depression is often used to describe this disease. Depression usually occurs in the form of depressive periods that can last weeks, months or even years. Depending on the intensity of the symptoms, the depression will be described as mild, moderate or major (severe). In the most severe cases, depression can lead to suicide

Depression affects mood, thoughts, and behavior, but also the body. Depression can be expressed in the body by a backache, stomachache, headache; This also explains why a person who suffers from depression may be more vulnerable to colds and other infections, his immune system being weakened

Depression or depression?

The term "depression", still taboo not so long ago, is often misused in everyday language to describe the inevitable periods of sadness, boredom and melancholy that all are called to live at a time when to another without being an illness.

For example, being sad after losing a loved one or having a feeling of failure in case of problems at work is normal. But when these states of mind return each day for no particular reason or persist for a long time even with an identifiable cause, it can be a depression. Depression is actually a chronic disease, meeting specific

diagnostic criteria.

In addition to sadness, the depressed person has negative and devaluing thoughts: "I am really bad," "I will never succeed", "I hate who I am". She feels worthless and has trouble projecting herself into the future. She no longer has interest in previously popular activities

Prevalence

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. According to a survey conducted by public health authorities in Quebec, about 8% of people aged 12 and over reported having experienced a period of depression in the last 12 months1. According to Health Canada, approximately 11% of Canadians and 16% of Canadian women will experience major depression during their lifetime75. And 7.5% of French people aged 15 to 85 have had a depressive episode in the last 12 months90.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by 2020, depression will become the second leading cause of disability worldwide, after cardiovascular disorders2.

Depression can occur at any age, including childhood, but it appears for the first time most often in late adolescence or early adulthood76.

Causes of depression

It is unclear what causes depression, but it is likely a complex disease involving several factors related to heredity, biology, life events, and environment and habits. of life.

Genetic

As a result of long-term studies of families as well as twins (whether separated at birth or not), depression has been shown to have some genetic component, although it has not been identified. of specific genes involved in this disease. Thus, a history of depression in the family may be a risk factor.

Biology

Although the biology of the brain is complex, in depressed people there is a deficit or imbalance of certain neurotransmitters such as serotonin. These imbalances disrupt the communication between the neurons. Other problems, such as hormonal disruption (hypothyroidism, contraceptive pill use, for example), can also contribute to depression.

Life events

The loss of a loved one, divorce, illness, loss of employment or other trauma can trigger depression in those who are predisposed to the disease. Similarly, childhood abuse or trauma is more sensitive to depression in adulthood, in part because it permanently disrupts the functioning of certain stress-related genes

The different forms of depression

Depressive disorders are classified into several entities: major depressive disorders, dysthymic disorders and unspecified depressive disorders.

Environment and lifestyle

The bad habits of life (smoking, alcoholism, little physical activity, excess of television88 or video games, etc.) and the living conditions (precarious economic conditions, stress, social isolation) are likely to seriously harm the psychological state. For example, the build-up of stress at work can lead to burnout and, eventually, depression.

Major Depressive Disorder

It is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes (depressed mood or loss of interest for at least two weeks associated with at least four other symptoms of depression).

Dysthymic Disorder (days = dysfunctional and thymic = mood)

It is characterized by a depressed mood most of the time for at least two years, associated with depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode. This is a depressive tendency, without major depression.

A nonspecific depressive disorder is a depressive disorder that does not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder. This may be, for example, an adjustment disorder with depressed mood or an adjustment disorder with both anxious and depressed mood.

Other terms are used next to this classification of the DSM4 (manual classification of mental disorders):

Anxious depression. In addition to the usual symptoms of depression, there is excessive apprehension and anxiety.

Bipolar disorder previously described as manic depression.

This psychiatric disorder is characterized by periods of major depression, with manic or hypomanic episodes (exaggerated euphoria, overexcitation, inverted form of depression)

Postpartum depression

In 60% to 80% of women, a state of sadness, nervousness and anxiety manifests itself in the days after childbirth. We talk about baby blues that lasts between one day and 15 days. Usually, this negative mood resorbs itself. However, in 1 in 8 women, a real depression sets in immediately or appears in the year following birth.

Depression following bereavement In the weeks following the loss of a loved one, signs of depression are common, and this is part of the grieving process. However, if these signs of depression persist for more than two months, or if they are very marked, consult a specialist.

Seasonal depression.

Depressive state that manifests cyclically, usually during the few months of the year when sunshine is at its lowest

Complications

There are several possible complications related to depression:

• Recurrence of depression: It is frequent since it concerns 50% of people who have experienced depression. The management considerably reduces this risk of recurrence.

• The persistence of residual symptoms: these are cases in which depression is not fully cured and where even after the depressive episode, signs of depression persist.

• The transition to chronic depression.

• Suicidal risk: Depression is the leading cause of suicide: about 70% of those who die by suicide have depression. Depressed men over 70 are the people most at risk of suicide. Suicide ideas sometimes called "black ideas" are one of the signs of depression. Even though most people with suicide ideas do not make an attempt, it is a warning sign. Depressed people think of suicide to stop the suffering that seems unbearable to them.

Disorders Associated with Depression: Depression has physical or psychological links to other health problems:

• Anxiety,

• Addiction: Alcoholism; substance abuse such as cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine; dependence on certain drugs such as sleeping pills or tranquilizers ...

• Increased danger of specific maladies: cardiovascular infections and diabetes. Actually, dejection is related to a higher danger of heart issues or stroke. Then again, experiencing despondency may somewhat quicken the beginning of diabetes among those as of now at risk70. The scientists contend that discouraged individuals are likewise less inclined to practice and eat well. Also, a few solutions can build craving and cause weight pick up. These elements increment the danger of sort 2 diabetes.

You have been determined to have diabetes and need to confine the effect on your wellbeing? Knowing the manifestations and difficulties is an advantage for go for ideal administration of your diabetes. Along these lines you will appreciate life l

Diabetes in a few words

Diabetes is a complex disease that generally falls into two categories, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The first usually begins in childhood, adolescence and young adults. It is due to the destruction of the islets of Langerhans, the part of the pancreas that produces insulin. Insulin allows us to use the energy contained in food, glucose (sugar). In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas continues to produce insulin, but inadequately. Moreover, despite the presence of insulin, it is not effective because of resistance of the body to its action. However, despite their differences, these two types of diabetes lead to the same result, a rise in blood glucose (the amount of glucose in the blood). High blood sugar is caused by an accumulation of glucose in the blood and is therefore abnormal.

Symptoms of diabetes

Too much glucose in the blood sometimes leads to symptoms that help the doctor diagnose diabetes and know when diabetes is poorly controlled. Here are a few to remember:

to be thirsty;

to be often hungry

go often to urinate;

fatigue or drowsiness

blurred vision;

tingling in the fingers or feet;

unexplained weight loss or gain;

irritability or mood changes;

fruity breath;

confusion or alteration of the state of consciousness;

injury that is slow to heal or fungal infection.

Diabetes is a disease that needs to be treated as soon as possible. So, if you experience one or more of these symptoms, see your doctor.

Complications of diabetes

High glucose levels in the blood are not desirable in the long term. Many health problems are the consequence of diabetes. Generally, these develop several years after the onset of the disease. However, it is not unusual for some problems to be present as soon as the diagnosis is made. Diabetes is insidious. This is why early diagnosis and effective treatment of the disease are very important.

Kidney damage

This complication affects nearly 50% of patients who have had diabetes for more than 20 years. The kidneys are the organs that clean the body of its waste. A decrease in their effectiveness can cause an accumulation of this waste and lead to several other complications. Ultimately, dialysis or kidney transplant may be required.

Eye damage

Many diseases of the eye are related to diabetes. They usually develop later, but can significantly affect the quality of life. Indeed, diabetes is the first cause of loss of sight. It is therefore important to regularly consult your doctor and optometrist to identify these complications early.

Nerve damage

About 50% of people living with diabetes may have this complication. A loss of sensitivity to the hands and feet, a sensation of electric shock or burning, and sexual problems are manifestations of nervous damage caused by diabetes. It can also make it difficult to perform many daily tasks and cause chronic pain that in some cases will require medication.

Heart problems

It is not uncommon for a person with diabetes to develop heart problems and blood vessels. Indeed, a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and a stroke (cerebrovascular accident) are possible consequences of diabetes. It is estimated that about 80% of people living with diabetes will die of a heart problem. Healthy lifestyle habits and good diabetes control are excellent strategies for preventing heart problems, as well as quitting.

Traffic problems

A high amount of glucose in the blood can compromise the blood circulation; this is due to premature deterioration of the blood vessels. This can lead to different types of problems, including difficulty in healing properly, erectile difficulties, infections.

Injuries that heal hard

Diabetes makes the body less effective at healing wounds. Also, infections caused by bacteria or fungi can take longer to heal. So, it is important for diabetics to regularly examine their skin, especially the skin, to monitor the healing of their wounds and see the doctor at the right time.

To put it plainly, diabetes has numerous outcomes that can significantly trade off the personal satisfaction and lessen future. An early finding and administration of your wellbeing will enable you to completely make the most of your life and live more. A few moves can be made to postpone however much as could be expected these confusions, be it great way of life or pharmaceutical. Your drug specialist can enable you to deal with your diabetes. Approach him for exhortation, in light of the fact that your wellbeing is the only thing that is important!

Fever is a normal reaction of the body to fight infections. In the face of this symptom, there so not to worry.

Fever is primarily a physiological mechanism of defense against infectious diseases that has beneficial effects for fighting infections, reducing the proliferation of viruses and bacteria and increasing the ability of white blood cells to respond to infection. This is the witness of immune defenses started against an infectious agent. In principle we should not fight against nosmecanismes defense, but against only its excesses and its inconveniences.

If your child is 40 ° C of fever, this does not necessarily mean that his illness is serious... The importance of the fever doesn't have a direct correlation with the severity of the disease. However, when fever is high, there is more chance that the infection is bacterial.

Fever is responsible for seizures?

No, this isn't the fever that is directly involved. Seizures are a consequence of the disease in a child often genetically predisposed. Medicines that lower fever do not prevent the occurrence of seizures.

If I don't give anything, the fever will go up?

No, it's the body that goes spontaneously limit the importance of fever. It is for this reason that fever oscillates during an illness.

It is by the fever I accelerate healing?

No, fever is a consequence of the disease, not its cause.

I bring down a fever at all costs?

No, fever is the ally of your child, not your enemy. It testifies to the start-up of its defenses. It is not dangerous. Fever can be respected, it is uncomfortable to be addressed.

Conversely, there are two important questions to ask when a child has a fever.

• What disease is the cause of this fever? Indeed, fever is the result of a disease. If your child is less than three months, should be consulted quickly in case of fever. After this age, the consultation is necessary when your child's behaviour is changed, when the fever is very high or prolonged.

When a child has a fever, should • ease the pain at all costs? For this a systematic treatment is not warranted (a child can have a fever and not feel bad). Medicines that lower fever are especially useful for their analgesic power and comfort they provide.

What treatment focus on fever?

The first thing to do is to measure your child's temperature before considering treatment. Touching his forehead, it is not very accurate, you need to use an electronic thermometer, preferably rectally.

If it shows 38 ° C, this means that the child has a fever. From 38.5 ° C, and if he feels obviously badly, we can start by adopting a few simple steps to relieve him. Strip him, give him to drink regularly and ventilate the room. A lukewarm bath or worse frozen are unadvised because this could exacerbate his feeling of discomfort.

If the temperature continues to rise, you can then use 3 types of medicines: paracetamol, aspirin and, if your child to more than 3 months, ibuprofen. In self-medication, it is paracetamol which is recommended as first-line.

Aspirin is no longer or almost most used because it had been involved in a form of liver failure in children, including in the case of chicken pox or flu. About ibuprofen, assumed in France that it exposes a little more side effects, including a risk of bacterial superinfection has more important in the case of chicken pox and kidney failure in case of dehydration.

In all cases, must use only one drug at a time, making sure to observe the doses based on weight and age and the time between which is usually 6 hours.

In the event that in spite of these medicines, the fever holds on for over 3 days or that your tyke doesn't feel truly awful, you should counsel a speciali

Help

Instructing 

Comprehend dysfunctional behavior 

There are a few sorts of dysfunctional behaviors that influence the way the cerebrum works. They can influence contemplations, conduct, feelings, and the capacity to comprehend the data. Emotional sicknesses are not quite the same as the typical encounters of trouble, sentiments of disturbance or day by day issues. Dysfunctional behavior makes typical life troublesome.

Some mental illnesses are severe and disabling. They can last a lifetime and improvements but no cure. Others are less serious, more easy to treat or curable. Only a trained professional should diagnose mental illness. It is often difficult for people to tell the difference between human or behavior problems and mental illness-specific challenges.

Mental illness is often misunderstood. This prevents many people seek help and receive treatment. It can be difficult for people with a mental illness to talk and get support and understanding on the part of others.

The causes of these diseases are complex. They are usually the result of problems in the functioning of the brain, genetic vulnerability, trauma, thought patterns, chronic or other emotionally difficult experiences. People with mental illness can not simply decide that their condition improves. Blame the person or others to the disease is harmful. When others react with compassion, this can help the person feel more at ease.

Most people with mental illness are dangerous or violent. Recent advances in treatment have allowed to manage or treat most mental illnesses. A treatment prescribed by a qualified mental health professional helps most people. Other people can help with loving care and providing support and spiritual strength.

Ways to help

• Find out about mental illness from professional sources, including family Services of the Church and of mental health specialists. A Bishop can recommend a person to a therapist a degree through Family Services of the Church.

• Treat the person with understanding and compassion. Make him our father in heaven loves.

• Remember that mental illness is not a punishment from God.

• Understand that mental illness can be overcome only by an effort of will. It does not indicate that a person lacks faith, character or unworthy.

• Help the person to take confidence in him letting them know that God supports his efforts to cope and become stronger.

• Don't take too seriously the problems resulting from the disease. People with mental illness may feel frustrated and upset because of the disease.

• Integrate the person in church activities and occasions of service who agree. See the person, his family members and others who know her well to know its limitations and strengths.

• Don't argue with delusions and don't talk about topics which increase agitation. Be aware that stress can worsen the disease.

priesthood leaders, family members and caregivers, professionals, and the person about a need for change.

Tips for teaching

• Certain mental illnesses reduce the energy and motivation. Be aware that a person with mental illness can be difficult to read and pray.

• If a person interprets bad entries or principles, it can be very affected. Help her focus on doctrine correct rather than be upset by its limitations caused by the disease.

• Use inspiring music to reduce stress and bring soothing comfort.

• If members are too sick to attend meetings and activities, include them by making their visit, by recording the lessons or providing them with prints.

• Let people participate by helping you define what they can take. For example, if a person has panic attacks when she speaks in public, get her involved in a way that is less frightening for her.

• Focus on the highlights. Design activities that are adapted to the abilities of the people so that they have a sense of accomplishment. If their language or their behaviour is inappropriate in the classroom, give them tasks such as the choice of a hymn, reading a poem or other things to do more structured.

A promising exploratory treatment for Alzheimer's malady

Based on a U.S. study, two clinical trials around a nontoxic molecule are launched with 3000 participants. Treatment could be sold within the next two to three years

An experimental treatment for Alzheimer's disease has proved potentially promising and without toxic effects, according to the results of a small clinical trial published Wednesday. A drug may be placed on the market within the next two to three years

The study, published in the American medical journal Science Translational Medicine, opened the way to two more extensive clinical trials are underway with nearly 3000 participants.

A molecule, called verubecestat, developed by the American Merck laboratories, reduced the presence of toxic protein beta-amyloid in the brain by blocking an enzyme called BACE1.

In Alzheimer's disease, an incurable neurological degeneration associated with aging, these proteins form plates in this shadowy, which alters the functioning of neurons, affecting cognitive abilities including especially memory.

Treatments already on the market to treat Alzheimer's disease to minimize symptoms of the disease, but none are yet able to stop it or slow its progression.

Clinical trials will be concluded in July 2017

32 the first small clinical trial participants suffered from Alzheimer's disease at early and moderately advanced stages.

Unlike other molecules neutralizing the BACE1 enzyme, developed and tested previously, the verubecestat is not toxic. So she did not cause liver and neurological side effects severe, explains Matthew Kennedy, of the laboratory 

Research of Merck in New Jersey. The researchers measured the effects of this molecule and found that one or more doses of verubecestat could lower harmful levels of beta-amyloid.

Two international clinical trials, called phase 3, to assess the clinical effectiveness of the verubecestat will be completed in July 2017. If the results are conclusive, this treatment in the form of tablets could be placed on the market within the next two to three years.

As indicated by the World Health Organization, more than 36 million individuals worldwide are living with dementia, has a populace of Alzheimer's malady. This number is relied upon to twofold by 2030 and triple by 2050 if no successful treatment is found..

Parkinson's malady is a degenerative illness which comes about because of the moderate and dynamic of neurons in the mind passing. As the region of the cerebrum influenced by the infection assumes an essential part in the control of our developments, individuals are gradually signals hardened, jerky and wild. For instance, wear a Cup to her lips with exactness and adaptability ends up plainly troublesome. These days, the accessible medicines to decrease side effects and moderate the movement of the sickness viably. We can live with Parkinson's for a long time.

Parkinson's-related disorders appear more often around 50 years to 70 years. The average age of onset of the disease to the Canada and France is 57. Initially, the symptoms may be confused with normal aging of the person but as they get worse, the diagnosis becomes more obvious. At the time when the first symptoms appear, it is believed that 60% to 80% of the nerve cells of the black substance (see box) would be already destroyed. So when symptoms appear, the disease has already averaged 5 to 10 years of evolution to low noise

Globally, the disease is diagnosed in more than 300,000 people each year. It seems that the incidence is higher among whites than among blacks, Hispanics or Asians, with the lowest rate for Asians. In Canada, approximately 100,000 people would be with the disease, including 25 000 in Quebec. The number of cases increases with age. Estimated that 65, one out of 100 would be reached, and 2 out of 100 people would be reached to 70 years and more.

At the heart of the disease: a dopamine imbalance

Nerve cells affected by Parkinson's disease lie in an area called "black substance", in the center of the brain. Cells in this area produce dopamine, a chemical Messenger that allows control of the movement but which is also in the sensation of pleasure and desire. The death of the cells of the black substance creates a lack of dopamine. Normally, the control of the movement is the result of a delicate balance between the amounts of dopamine and acetylcholine (another chemical Messenger). If the balance is upset, tremors, stiffness and loss of coordination follows. Conversely, an excess of dopamine could be responsible for symptoms associated with the schizophren

Causes:

What causes the progressive loss of neurons in Parkinson's disease remains unknown in most cases. Scientists agree a set of genetic and environmental factors come into play, not always able to them clearly. According to the current consensus, the environment would play a more important role than heredity, but genetic factors would be predominant when the disease appears before the age of 50. Here are a few environmental factors involved:

• A display early or stretched out to compound toxins or pesticides, including herbicides and bug sprays (for instance, rotenone)

• MPTP, a contaminant now and then heroin medication, can bring about a genuine and irreversible Parkinson's frame all of a sudden. This medication applies its impact in a route like the pesticide rotenone;

• Carbon monoxide or manganese